What characterizes an operational model in energy simulation?

An operational model in energy simulation is characterized by a whole-building energy simulation that incorporates real operating conditions. This approach means that the model considers how the building actually functions in terms of energy use patterns, occupancy, equipment operation, and climatic influences, rather than relying solely on theoretical or ideal conditions.

Using real-world data allows for a more accurate representation of energy performance, which is crucial for identifying inefficiencies and potential improvements. By evaluating how a building performs during its actual operation, stakeholders can make more informed decisions regarding energy efficiency measures and operational adjustments.

The other options, while they may describe different types of energy modeling approaches, do not align with the concept of an operational model. For instance, a focus on theoretical conditions or a simplified model based on previous buildings would not reflect the authentic performance dynamics seen in actual use, limiting their effectiveness in real-world applications. Additionally, an asset-focused approach tends to concentrate on the design aspects rather than the real-time operational outcomes, which is not the primary characteristic of an operational model.